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AUTOMATIC LOUDSPEAKER PROTECTOR CIRCUIT

I've used these nifty protectors often a dozen at a time, on three-way systems with subs in high-volume control rooms and in touring sound systems designed for rental use.  Variations on the circuit below can protect valuable drivers without changing the sound of your speakers the way fuses or light bulbs do, and maybe even get the message across that the "talent" is playing the monitor system too friggin' loud.  The cut-off level of the circuit may be set to an absolute voltage to protect drivers from destruction, or with the aid of a sound level meter, to a maximum volume level safe for protection against hearing loss.  For multi-way speaker systems, the cut off setting should be done for each driver, so that a particular driver cuts off depending on power in its frequency range.  I strongly recommend pink noise as a test signal for level setting, though if you have wimpy tweeters or beryllium diaphragms, you may want to use white noise for an extra measure of safety.

Warning: the max-power setting is much easier to sell to the client than the hearing-safe setting.

For subwoofers, relay contacts need to be around 50-100 amps rated, with big, heavy 24 volt coils.

For tweeters, a 1 to 3-amp rating will do the trick, but the coil may be no more than 6 volts.

Note: The lamp should be incandescent, but may be connected to either n.o. or n.c contact of the relay so that the driver never goes completely off when overload occurs.  I prefer to have the lamp on and the speaker off, but some amplifiers complain or just plain blow up if loads are switched that way.  It is also possible to put a higher voltage bulb across the n.c. contacts and a second lower voltage bulb across the n.o. contacts so that when interrupt occurs, a visible warning is given. DO NOT SUBSTITUTE L.E.D. LAMPS!  (If your amps are the latter type, they are NOT professional duty amps and don't belong in a pro-audio environment.) 

Relay contact ratings should be on the order of the current expected, not grossly over rated.

R1 is normally 100-500 ohms wire wound, and the relay coil voltage is normally around half of the expected overload voltage.

R2 prevents direct connection of the diode bridge to the power amplifier.

Larger caps will cause the circuit to interrupt for longer times, smaller caps for shorter times—all the way down to a chatter.

Some parts value trial and error will normally be needed depending on the voltage you need at protect interrupt, but if you find you have to turn the pot nearly all the way up, try a lower voltage relay coil.

This circuit is intended for techs who can use it confidently.  No support is available.